Falsafah Ibadah Puasa: Upaya Pembentukan dan Penguatan Pengendalian Diri di Era Modern
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71242/8z937m20Keywords:
Islamic philosophy, spirituality, modern eraAbstract
This study aims to explore deeply the essence of fasting (shaum) in Islam as a means of developing and strengthening self-control amid the challenges of modern life. Fasting is not only a ritual act of refraining from food and drink, but also a spiritual practice that trains individuals to control desires, develop patience, sincerity, and cultivate moral awareness. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from primary sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and both classical and contemporary Islamic literature, as well as secondary sources including books, journals, and scholarly articles relevant to the topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis to interpret the philosophical and theological values of fasting in shaping human character. The findings indicate that fasting plays a fundamental role in enhancing individual self-control, both spiritually and socially. It trains individuals to suppress impulsive desires, regulate emotions, and maintain a balance between physical needs and spiritual well-being. In the context of modern society, the values of self-control developed through fasting are essential to counteract instant gratification, hedonism, and consumerist tendencies that weaken moral integrity. Therefore, fasting can be understood as a form of riyadhah ruhaniyah (spiritual exercise) that serves to cultivate piety, integrity, and noble character in human life
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam hakikat ibadah puasa dalam Islam sebagai sarana pembentukan dan penguatan pengendalian diri di tengah tantangan kehidupan modern. Puasa tidak hanya dipandang sebagai kewajiban ritual untuk menahan lapar dan haus, tetapi juga sebagai proses spiritual yang melatih manusia mengendalikan hawa nafsu, menumbuhkan kesabaran, keikhlasan, dan kesadaran moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Data diperoleh dari sumber primer berupa Al-Qur'an, hadis, dan literatur keislaman klasik maupun kontemporer, serta sumber sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dan artikel ilmiah yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis isi (content analysis) untuk menafsirkan nilai-nilai filosofis dan teologis puasa dalam pembentukan karakter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibadah puasa memiliki fungsi mendasar dalam menumbuhkan kemampuan pengendalian diri individu, baik dari segi spiritual maupun sosial. Puasa melatih manusia menahan keinginan sesaat, mengendalikan emosi, serta menjaga keseimbangan antara kebutuhan jasmani dan rohani. Dalam konteks modern, nilai-nilai pengendalian diri yang ditanamkan melalui puasa menjadi sangat penting untuk melawan budaya instan, hedonisme, dan perilaku konsumtif yang melemahkan moralitas manusia. Dengan demikian, puasa dapat dipahami sebagai mekanisme pendidikan jiwa (riyadhah ruhaniyah) yang berperan membentuk manusia bertakwa, berintegritas, dan berakhlak mulia.
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