Mengetahui Cacatnya Hadis: Hadist Dhaif Dan Hukum Mengamalkannya

Abstract

A weak hadith is a narration that has weaknesses in the sanad and matan aspects, so that its validity is doubtful to be used as a basis for teachings. This study aims to reveal the forms of defects that cause a hadith to be classified as weak and to analyze the provisions of scholars regarding the permissibility of practicing it. The methodology of this research uses a qualitative approach of the case study type, which was chosen because it is able to study in depth and contextually the phenomenon of practicing weak hadith in the religious life of contemporary Muslim society. Results (1). Weak hadith due to defects in sanad or matan, often arise due to narrator factors and socio-political conditions. Identification requires scientific methods such as jarh wa ta'dil. In the digital era, verification is increasingly important so that the dissemination of hadith is based on academic validity and strong Islamic literacy. (2). The use of weak hadith in Islamic preaching and education is still common without adequate scientific validation. Limited methodological literacy and dependence on classical books cause distortion of understanding. It is necessary to strengthen digital verification and the takhrij curriculum so that hadith-based preaching is more accurate and responsible. (3). Epistemological criticism of the use of weak hadith arises because of the importance of the validity of religious sources. In the classical Islamic tradition, the authentic hadith is the main standard, while weak hadith is only used to a limited extent. However, now, the weak literacy of hadith criticism has led to misuse in preaching and education.

Abstrak

Hadis dhaif adalah riwayat yang mengalami kelemahan dalam aspek sanad maupun matan, sehingga keabsahannya diragukan untuk dijadikan dasar ajaran. Kajian ini bertujuan mengungkap bentuk-bentuk cacat yang menyebabkan suatu hadis tergolong dhaif serta menganalisis ketentuan ulama mengenai kebolehan mengamalkannya. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus, yang dipilih karena mampu mengkaji secara mendalam dan kontekstual mengenai fenomena pengamalan hadis dhaif dalam kehidupan beragama masyarakat Muslim kontemporer.  Hasil (1). Hadis dhaif lemah karena cacat sanad atau matan, sering muncul akibat faktor perawi dan kondisi sosial-politik. Identifikasinya butuh metode ilmiah seperti jarh wa ta’dil. Dalam era digital, verifikasi makin penting agar penyebaran hadis didasarkan pada validitas akademik dan literasi keislaman yang kuat. (2). Penggunaan hadis dhaif dalam dakwah dan pendidikan Islam masih lazim tanpa validasi ilmiah yang memadai. Keterbatasan literasi metodologis dan ketergantungan pada kitab klasik menyebabkan distorsi pemahaman. Perlu penguatan verifikasi digital dan kurikulum takhrij agar dakwah berbasis hadis lebih akurat dan bertanggung jawab. (3). Kritik epistemologis terhadap penggunaan hadis dhaif muncul karena pentingnya validitas sumber agama. Dalam tradisi Islam klasik, hadis sahih menjadi standar utama, sementara hadis dhaif hanya dipakai secara terbatas. Namun kini, lemahnya literasi kritik hadis menyebabkan penyalahgunaan dalam dakwah dan Pendidikan.