Filosofi Keadilan dalam Pembagian Warisan Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Implikasinya terhadap Keharmonisan Keluarga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71242/8sfvjf82Keywords:
Philosophy, justice, inheritance, Islamic Law, HarmonyAbstract
The division of inheritance in Islamic law often becomes a source of family conflict in Indonesia, particularly concerning perceptions of justice in the 2:1 ratio between male and female heirs. This study aims to analyze the philosophy of justice in Islamic inheritance law, evaluate its impact on family harmony, and identify factors influencing the realization of justice. The research employs a normative juridical method with philosophical and sociological approaches. From 250 literatures identified via Google Scholar, DOAJ, and university repositories (2020-2025), 78 articles met the criteria and were analyzed using content analysis based on maqasid sharia theory. Additionally, 8 Religious Court rulings from 2020-2024 were analyzed. Results indicate that the philosophy of Islamic justice is substantive-proportional, considering socio-economic responsibilities rather than formal-mathematical calculations. Implementing justice through deliberation, wajibah wills, and mediation significantly improves family harmony (positive correlation in 85% of cases analyzed). Determinant factors include legal literacy, mediator roles, socio-economic conditions, ijtihad flexibility, and integration of local values. This research contributes to harmonizing legal pluralism in Indonesia and offers a practical framework for judges, mediators, and policymakers.
Abstrak
Pembagian warisan dalam hukum Islam seringkali menjadi sumber konflik keluarga di Indonesia, khususnya terkait persepsi keadilan dalam rasio 2:1 antara ahli waris laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis filosofi keadilan dalam hukum waris Islam, mengevaluasi dampaknya terhadap keharmonisan keluarga, dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terwujudnya keadilan. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan filosofis dan sosiologis. Dari 250 literatur yang teridentifikasi melalui Google Scholar, DOAJ, dan repositori universitas (periode 2020-2025), 78 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis menggunakan content analysis berbasis teori maqasid syariah. Analisis juga dilakukan terhadap 8 putusan Pengadilan Agama periode 2020-2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filosofi keadilan Islam bersifat substantif-proporsional dengan mempertimbangkan tanggung jawab sosial-ekonomi, bukan formal-matematis. Penerapan keadilan melalui musyawarah, wasiat wajibah, dan mediasi terbukti meningkatkan keharmonisan keluarga (korelasi positif pada 85% kasus yang dianalisis). Faktor determinan meliputi literasi hukum, peran mediator, kondisi sosio-ekonomi, fleksibilitas ijtihad, dan integrasi nilai lokal. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada harmonisasi pluralisme hukum di Indonesia dan menawarkan framework praktis bagi hakim, mediator, dan pembuat kebijakan.
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