Implementasi Hukum Kewarisan Islam: Analisis terhadap Kesenjangan antara Faraidh dan Praktik Sosial

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of inheritance in Islamic law and identify the gap between the normative principles of faraidh and inheritance distribution practices in society. The research employs a qualitative approach using a normative juridical method through library research. Data were obtained from primary legal sources, including the Qur’an, Hadith, and the Compilation of Islamic Law, as well as secondary sources such as books, scientific journals, and previous studies related to Islamic inheritance. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis by comparing the normative provisions of faraidh with empirical findings presented in the literature. The results show that the Islamic inheritance system is designed to achieve proportional justice, legal certainty, and the protection of heirs’ rights through systematic rules and mechanisms. However, in practice, the implementation of faraidh is often influenced by customary traditions, limited public understanding of faraidh, family power relations, and emotional factors. These conditions lead to various deviations, such as equal distribution among heirs, delays in inheritance distribution, and domination by certain family members in decision-making. Therefore, there is a significant gap between the ideal concept of faraidh and its social implementation in society.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep kewarisan dalam hukum Islam serta mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara prinsip normatif faraidh dan praktik pembagian warisan di masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode yuridis normatif melalui studi kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari sumber hukum primer berupa Al-Qur’an, hadis, dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, serta sumber sekunder seperti buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan penelitian terdahulu yang berkaitan dengan kewarisan Islam. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode content analysis dengan membandingkan ketentuan normatif faraidh dan temuan empiris dalam berbagai literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem kewarisan Islam dirancang untuk mewujudkan keadilan proporsional, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan terhadap hak ahli waris melalui aturan serta mekanisme yang sistematis. Namun, dalam praktiknya implementasi faraidh sering dipengaruhi oleh adat, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap ilmu faraidh, relasi kekuasaan dalam keluarga, dan faktor emosional. Kondisi tersebut memunculkan berbagai penyimpangan, seperti pembagian sama rata, penundaan distribusi warisan, dan dominasi pihak tertentu dalam pengambilan keputusan. Dengan demikian, terdapat kesenjangan yang signifikan antara konsep ideal faraidh dan praktik sosial dalam masyarakat.